1-5

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2020·陕西省部分学校摸底检测) Thomas Hardy, probably the most searching and knowledgeable novelist of his time, was born on June 2，1840, in Dorsetshire, England. He died on January 11, 1928. In his youth, Hardy read much and dreamt of becoming a poet, but he studied and practiced architecture as an assistant to a London architect, winning a prize for design. The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training.

For five years Hardy worked hard to practice writing poetry, but when he was twenty­seven, he turned to fiction. His first novel finished by 1867, but according to the advice of George Meredith he decided not to publish it. After he abandoned his first novel, his another novel Desperate Remedies, appeared in 1871. During the next twenty­five years he published ten more novels and two collections of short stories.

Under the Greenwood Tree(1872) was never surpassed(超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art. This and his next novel, A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873), began to show deep irony(讽刺) which is so obvious throughout Hardy's writings.

Far from the Madding Crowd(1874) was his first popular success. It shows Hardy's amazing power of describing nature as symbolic background for his characters, an organic part of the action of his story. This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure. Not until he was fifty­eight years old was his first collection of poems published, and he was sixty­four when the first part of his drama The Dynasts surprised the literary world.

【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品。

1．How did Thomas Hardy benefit from his architectural career?

A．He could practice writing while working.

B．He made a lot of money to support his writing.

C．He found material for his novels and poems.

D．He applied architectural knowledge in his novels.

【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The fine descriptions of structure in his novels were probably somewhat due to his architectural training”可知，在他的小说中细腻的结构描述可能得益于他在建筑方面的学习训练，即他把建筑知识应用到了他的小说中。故选D项。

【答案】 D

2．What is Thomas Hardy's Under the Greenwood Tree considered to be?

A．One of his masterworks.

B．His first popular success.

C．His best novel in perfection of art.

D．One of his best collections of poems.

【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Under the Greenwood Tree(1872) was never surpassed(超越) in happy and delicate perfection of art”可知，《绿树林下》在艺术的恰当和熟练方面从未被超越。

【答案】 C

3．Which of the following is one of his novels of character and environment?

A．Desperate Remedies

B．A Pair of Blue Eyes

C．Tess of the d'Urbervilles

D．The Dynasts

【解析】 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“This was the earliest of what he called his novels of character and environment, which included The Return of the Native, Tess of the d'Urbervilles, his masterpiece, and Jude the Obscure”可知，Tess of the d'Urbervilles是性格和环境小说，故选C。

【答案】 C

4．What type of writing is this text?

A．A novel.

B．A biography.

C．A book review.

D．A news report.

【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了作家Thomas Hardy和他的一些作品，属于人物传记，故选B。

【答案】 B

B

(2019·大连市一模)

Rich as a King

WilliamⅠ， who conquered England some 950 years ago, had wealth, power and an army. Yet although William was very rich by the standard of his time, he had nothing like a flush toilet(抽水马桶), paper towels, or a riding lawn mower(割草机). How did he get__by?

History books are filled with wealthy people who were poor compared to me. I have storm windows, Croesus did not. Entire nations trembled before Alexander the Great, but he couldn't buy cat food. Czar Nicholas lacked an electric saw.

Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you'd think I'd be content. The trouble is that, like most people, I compare my wealth with that of living persons: neighbours, school classmates, famous TV people. The greed I feel toward my friend Howard's new kitchen is not reduced by the fact that no kings ever had a refrigerator with glass doors.

There is really no rising or falling standard of living. Over the centuries people simply find different things to feel sad about. You'd think that simply not having disease would put us in a good mood, but no, we want a hot bath too.

Of course, one way to achieve happiness would be to realize that even by today's standards the things I own are pretty nice. My house is smaller than the houses of many investment bankers, but even so it has a lot more rooms than my wife and I can keep clean.

Besides, to people looking back at our era from a century or two in the future, these bankers' fancy counter tops and my own worn Formica will seem equally shabby. I can't keep up with my neighbours right now. But just wait.

【解题导语】 本文主要通过同富有的古人对比启迪读者：生活没有必要攀比，要知足常乐。

5．What does the underlined phrase “get by” in the first paragraph mean?

A．Succeed as a king.

B．Deal with complaints.

C．Live in a satisfactory way.

D．Get some extra money.

【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Given how much better off I am than so many famous dead people, you'd think I'd be content”，并结合对第一段第二句的理解可推知，没有现代这些便利的生活设备，富有的威廉一世如何才能生活得称心如意呢？由此可推知，画线短语表示“以一种令人满意的方式生活”，故选C。

【答案】 C

6．How many historical figures are mentioned to compare lives in the past and present?

A．3.　　　　　　　　B．4.

C．5.                D．6.

【解析】 细节理解题。根据对第一段和第二段的理解可知，古今生活对比中作者列举了4个历史人物，他们分别是：William Ⅰ， Croesus, Alexander the Great和Czar Nicholas。

【答案】 B

7．According to the passage, the author intends to ________．

A．tell us to be content with life

B．warn us to live in a simple way

C．teach us to learn lessons from life

D．encourage us to struggle for wealth

【解析】 写作意图题。根据文章的标题Rich as a King，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，作者通过古今生活对比，告诉我们要知足常乐。

【答案】 A

8．What's the author's attitude towards life?

A．Doubtful.               B．Optimistic.

C．Uncaring.              D．Cautious.

【解析】 观点态度题。根据最后两段，尤其是最后一段最后两句“I can't keep up with my neighbours right now. But just wait”可推知，作者对生活持乐观的态度。

【答案】 B

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

(2020·沈阳市教学质量监测一)Whoever wrote the song “It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. 1.________. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.

Don't force cheer

At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can't stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response—no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. 2.________．

Let out sadness

The results of the bus­driver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them. 3.________. We don't like contradictory behavior.

Respond cautiously

Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. 4.________. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.

5．________. Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well­being. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences. And don't forget to give yourself a break.

A．Relax your mind

B．Enjoy a mix of emotions

C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve

D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life

E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects

F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience

G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside

【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。

1．【解析】 承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。

【答案】 D

2．【解析】 结合本段小标题Don't force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。

【答案】 E

3．【解析】 根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don't like contradictory behavior”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉不开心，故选G。

【答案】 G

4．【解析】 根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。

【答案】 F

5．【解析】 根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。

【答案】 B

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2019·惠州市第二次调研)One habit of those people who are smarter than everyone else is to stay up late. In movies, the creative genius always works late into the midnight hours by candlelight—and perhaps this style 1.__________(root) in fact.

A study 2.__________ experts from the London School of Economics and Political Science found that people who tend to go to bed later have 3.__________(high) IQs. 4.__________ study authors believe the root of why this is lies in our evolution—because nighttime was a more dangerous time, and our ancestors who were to stay up instead of going to sleep 5.__________(need) to be more intelligent. Also, 6.__________(stay) awake into the night was a new idea 7.__________ was attractive to curious minds.

Today, our varying living rhythms may still reflect this. “Perhaps some smart people stay up later because their internal clocks are 8.__________(simple) different，” Dr.Wai says. “Or, perhaps they stay up later because they tend to be alone, and like being up late at night without distractions to think and solve their 9.__________(problem)．” But if you are a night owl, still remember 10.__________(get) your seven to nine hours of sleep.

【解题导语】 研究表明，有熬夜习惯的人有更高的智商。

1．【解析】 考查固定用法。根据语境可知，这种电影的情节可能来源于真实情况。be rooted in sth.“起源于某事物”是固定用法，且此处叙述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时，故填is rooted。

【答案】 is rooted

2．【解析】 考查介词。根据语境可知，此处是说一项由专家所作的研究，故填by。

【答案】 by

3．【解析】 考查形容词比较级。根据上下文及空前的“go to bed later”可知，这里是说睡觉更晚的人有更高的智商，故此处用high的比较级higher。

【答案】 higher

4．【解析】 考查冠词。这里特指上文提到的研究的作者们，故用定冠词The。

【答案】 The

5．【解析】 考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，此处叙述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填needed。

【答案】 needed

6．【解析】 考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，此处为动名词短语作主语。

【答案】 staying

7．【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a new idea，在从句中作主语，故填that/which。

【答案】 that/which

8．【解析】 考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用simple的副词形式simply，修饰其后的different。

【答案】 simply

9．【解析】 考查名词的单复数。根据句意“也许他们熬夜是因为他们倾向于独处，喜欢深夜不分心来思考和解决问题”，且problem为可数名词可知，此处应用problem的复数形式，故填problems。

【答案】 problems

10．【解析】 考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.“记得去做某事”为固定用法，故填to get。

【答案】 to get